Urban water-quality management often depends on sparse and irregular monitoring data. This is particularly challenging in the context of microbiological hazards, where grab samples may fail to capture short-lived contamination peaks. The AQUAMON project develops an integrated monitoring and decision-support framework combining advanced sensors, automated monitoring, data-driven models and digital tools. Its objective is to transform heterogeneous monitoring data into actionable information for timely, risk-informed water management.

Within AQUAMON, KWB contributes two Bayesian approaches for supporting decisions under limited and uncertain data.

First, a quantitative microbial and chemical risk assessment (QMRA/QCRA) will combine literature-derived knowledge with site-specific observations using Bayesian networks and inferential methods. In the Turin use case, human-health and environmental risks will be assessed along the water-reuse chain, from raw wastewater through treatment and irrigation to exposure via crop consumption and direct contact, including contaminant fate in soil and potential transfer to groundwater. As monitoring data accumulates, the assessment will be updated sequentially, showing how risk estimates and uncertainties evolve and where additional data provide the greatest value. Applications are also planned in Lviv and London.

Second, an enhanced version of KWB’s early-warning model SWIM:AI will support adaptive bathing-water monitoring in Paris. Using rainfall, river-flow and E. coli data, the model predicts bathing-water quality and quantifies predictive uncertainty. Bayesian novelty detection will identify situations where existing information is insufficient and trigger on-demand E. coli measurements using the Fluidion ALERT in-situ sensor. New observations will then be incorporated into subsequent predictions.

Together, these approaches aim to move from fixed monitoring towards uncertainty-aware, adaptive monitoring that collects additional data where they provide the greatest value for risk-informed decisions. As AQUAMON runs until the end of 2028, the poster presents the methodological framework and planned applications rather than project results.

This deliverable describes in detail the five pilot use cases (PUC) (1) Lviv, (2) Turin, (3) Paris, (4) London and (5) Limassol. These PUC, further specified in use case scenarios, will be implemented during the project in order to showcase the AQUAMON system and its components.

Based on an iterative, co-creation process with the consortium, the deliverable further elaborates the user, legal and ethical requirements that will serve as a foundation for all Research and Development (R&D) work within the project.

After a short introduction, the deliverable summarises the applied methods to map stakeholder and define user requirements as well as legal and ethical requirements. This is followed by a detailed description of the PUC themselves, linking each of the defined stakeholders and user requirements directly to the PUC. Finally, the deliverable describes the use case scenarios for each PUC that will eventually be implemented within the project.

In the core of this deliverable the user requirements that will serve as the basis of all further work in AQUAMON have been categorized and described. They are differentiated between functional user requirements or non-functional user requirements and prioritized using the MoSCoW method.

Finally, the document contains a short analysis of the ethical and legal framework from the users' perspective with a focus on privacy and copyright protection. The deliverable ends with a brief summary and conclusion that also contains a short outline of the next steps that will be done in WP2.

This deliverable presents the implementation progress and results of the innovative technologies
demonstrated across the IMPETUS demo sites during the period M1-M49 of the project (01/10/2021–
30/09/2025). It covers the full set of activities carried out under WP4 Tasks 4.5.1 to 4.12, which together
form Bundle 2: Innovative Technologies Implementation.
Bundle 2 aims to demonstrate a suite of advanced technical solutions that increase climate resilience
across diverse geographic, hydrological, and socio-economic contexts. The bundle includes
decentralised water reuse systems, digital modelling tools, pathogen monitoring technologies, sediment
transport modelling, multi-agent water balance models, decision-support systems for heat and flood risk,
and early-warning technologies for geological hazards. These solutions collectively reinforce the
broader WP4 objective of testing and validating multi-benefit adaptation innovations that can be scaled
across Europe.
The 15 tasks reported in this deliverable demonstrate substantial progress toward climate-resilient water
management, environmental protection, and risk reduction. Task 4.5.1 deployed a hybrid decentralised
fit-for-use water reclamation system in the Coastal demo site (Catalonia), producing high-quality
reclaimed water for irrigation and cleaning within a touristic complex and validating decentralised reuse
under highly variable seasonal demand. Task 4.5.2 implemented a Sewer Mining unit in East Attica
(Mediterranean demo site), integrating real-time data, energy-autonomous operation, and co-created
adaptation services. Task 4.5.3 developed a water-energy simulation and optimisation model, enabling
the operator of the East Attica system to explore climate-proof operation strategies and circulareconomy pathways.
Across several additional tasks, advanced modelling and monitoring capabilities were demonstrated.
Tasks 4.6 and 4.7.1 developed computational tools for sediment transport and regional water balance
simulation, supporting adaptation measures under hydrological and demographic pressures. Tasks
4.7.2 and 4.10.1 - 4.10.3 delivered decision-support systems that integrate multi-layer data for WEFEnexus planning, heat stress management, and flood risk visualisation, many of which are connected to
digital twin environments. Tasks 4.8.1 and 4.8.2 tackled climate-exacerbated water quality risks by
improving bathing water management during storm events and assessing drinking water resilience to
pathogens. Finally, Tasks 4.11 and 4.12 implemented technologies for urban climate proofing in coastal
settings facing sea-level rise and for geological and avalanche early-warning systems in the Arctic and
mountainous demo sites.
Together, the technologies demonstrated under Bundle 2 provide actionable, scalable, and evidencebased adaptation options. The solutions directly support regional water resilience, enable cross-sectoral
decision-making, and reduce exposure to climate-related risks. Their integration into the Resilience
Knowledge Boosters, digital twins, and participatory processes strengthens the IMPETUS vision of
empowering local stakeholders and decision-makers with robust, technology-driven adaptation
pathways.