This dataset includes concentrations of micropollutants (27) and heavy metals (7) for stormwater runoff from different sampling points at two test sites (A and B) in Berlin, Germany. Both sites are new development areas of similar size that were both constructed in 2017 (1 – 1.5 years prior to the start of the monitoring campaign). Composite samples of individual rain events were taken at three sampling points of each test site: façade runoff, roof runoff and corresponding stormwater runoff from the catchment area. Samples were taken as part of the research project BaSaR (www.kompetenz-wasser.de/en/forschung/projekte/basar/) of Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule and Berliner Wasserbetriebe. More information including sampling and analytical methods are detailed in the corresponding journal paper "Emissions from building materials – a thread for the environment?", submitted to the MDPI-journal Water.

The study was financed through the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, FKZ 3717373280), which is greatly acknowledged. 

This report covers the results of the Clear Waters from Pharmaceuticals 2 (CWPharma 21) project continuing the work of the original CWPharma2 project which concluded in December 2020. Both projects were funded by the EU’s Interreg Baltic Sea Region Programme. CWPharma evaluated occurrence and routes of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the water cycle and provided recommendations on technical and non-technical measures to reduce API loads entering the Baltic Sea. Recommendations for technical measures were published in the CWPharma ‘Guidelines for advanced API removal processes’ (Stapf et al., 2020), which also includes a modular approach to their successful implementation. The individual modules are: 1) WWTP fitness check, 2) feasibility study, 3) detailed planning, and 4) optimization of existing systems.

Within CWPharma 2, project partners from Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, and Poland continued the work of reducing API loads from the aforementioned countries into the Baltic Sea. The focus was to help wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operators interested in reducing their API discharges to practically implement the four different modules of the guideline. This report summarizes the results of the first module ‘WWTP fitness check’ that have been carried out for about 80 WWTPs from eight Baltic Sea countries and aggregates the anonymized data from the WWTPs to present an overview of general as well as country-specific results, trends and considerations.

This report delivers a practical manual to support operators with the management of sensors networks in existing water infrastructures. It includes (1) the presentation and assessment of a new easy-to-use sensor for faecal bacteria measurements, (2) methodologies for the validation of online sensors and analysers and (3) best practices for installation, operation, and maintenance.

In DWC, raw data collected from on-line sensors and lab analyses are integrated and analysed to gather conclusive information and early warning to support decisions to deliver safe water reuse and inform about bathing water quality. Three relevant case studies, namely Paris, Berlin and Milan, were investigated in this research. In the case studies of Paris and Berlin, sensors were installed to monitor microbiological contamination in bathing water sites. In the case study of Milan, a real-time sensor network was designed to promote safe water reuse reducing the risk of microbial contamination of soils and crops during irrigation, while assuring compliance of wastewater quality with reuse standard limits.

The technical characteristics of all the installed on-line sensors are reported in section 1, including the innovative ALERT devices manufactured by FLUIDION, which allow the on-line measurements of faecal bacteria indicators. The section also describes in detail measurement characteristics, i.e., static and dynamic characteristics of instrumentation, operational modes, initial measurement accuracy and standards.

The use of real-time data to support health protection and risk management requires primary their validation, in terms of reliability, in order to integrate the standard lab measures with a continuous monitoring system, for control optimization and risk minimization. To date, one of the main lacks on risk management approach is the absence of common procedure on how to treat non-standardized data, such as real-time online data. To answer this question, this report intends to provide practical information about validation, operation and maintenance of on-line sensors for the three representative case studies. Particularly, this report includes

• Return of experience on installation, troubleshooting and maintenance (section 2).

• Data analysis and assessment of the bias, precision and accuracy of the online sensors (section 3).

The conclusions are reported in section 4.

Die Membranfiltration ersetzt beim MBR-Verfahren die Nachklärungs- und Entkeimungsstufe des konventionellen Belebungsverfahrens und ermöglicht einen vollständigen Rückhalt der partikulären Abwasserinhaltstoffe, Bakterien, Viren und Krankheitserreger, sodass ein hoher Trockensubstanzgehalt von bis zu 30 g/l im Membranbelebungsreaktor möglich ist. Somit könnten MBR-Anlagen theoretisch mit einem gegenüber konventionellen Kläranlagen bis zu 75% kleineren Belebungsbecken vorgesehen werden. Demnach stellt sich das MBR-Verfahren als leistungsfähige, platzsparende Kläranlage im Kompaktdesign dar, die für eine dezentrale kommunale Abwasserreinigung vielversprechend und geeignet ist. Da das MBR-Verfahren technisch kompliziert ist und einen hohen Instandhaltungs- und Wartungsaufwand erfordert, stößt sein Einsatz beim Betreiben kleiner Kläranlagen auf viele Schwierigkeiten.

Eine MBR-Anlage im Kompaktdesign zur kommunalen Abwasserreinigung mit einer Kapazität von bis zu 10 m3/d von der Firma Martin Systems, die als 20-Foot-Container angefertigt wurde, wurde mit MSR-Technik zur Optimierung und Automatisierung des Betriebs ausgerüstet. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, neue Steuerungs- und Regelungskonzepte zu testen und auszuwerten. Dafür wurde die Pilotanlage in die KA Stahnsdorf verfrachtet und mit Rohabwasser aus dem Vorklärungsbecken betrieben.

Beim Einsetzen semi-flexibler Steuerungskonzepte konnten einige Betriebsparameter wie z.B. Schlammalter und Schlammbelastung optimiert werden, während es Betriebsparameter wie z.B. die Sauerstoffversorgung erforderte, komplexere Technik zu optimieren, da der Sauerstoffverbrauch von vielen Parametern wie z.B. den Zulaufschwankungen und dem TS-Gehalt abhängig ist und sich mit der Zeit schnell ändern kann. Demnach ist eine Echtzeit-Anpassung für den optimalen Betrieb erforderlich. Außerdem stellte sich der Effekt der Sauerstoffverschleppung wegen ineffizienter Belüftung als große Herausforderung dar, da er den Denitrifikationsprozess kollabieren ließ.

The preliminary work shows that runoff characteristics of SUDS are only partly dependent on rainfall characteristics and that other factors like conditions at the beginning of the event are relevant. Therefore, the design of SUDS with single synthetic rainfall events can be misleading. A systematic analysis of possible malfunctions (potentially in relation to maintenance) can further complement the planning of stormwater management.

The results highlight 35 contaminants that should be prioritized in regulatory and research monitoring campaigns, thus ensuring that efforts and resources are optimized. The proposed contaminants need to be carefully assessed as country-specific regulations and habits might lead to changes in prioritization. Efforts need to go towards an analysis of different compound classes as one class might not cover much of the toxicity spectrum. The observed high variability and censoring in the collected data leads to high uncertainty for decision making and stresses the importance to redesign future wet-weather monitoring programs.

Urbanes Niederschlagsabwasser kann durch verschiedene organische und anorganische Stoffe belastet sein, wie Untersuchungen in zwei Berliner Überbauungen und eine begleitende Modellierung klar zeigten. Daher wurden ein Leitfaden sowie Massnahmen-Steckbriefe für Planer und Architekten entwickelt, um die Belastungen an der Quelle oder nachgeschaltet zu reduzieren, bevor sie in Boden und Gewässer gelangen.