The "Toolbox Fate & Transport Modelling of PMTs in the Environment" is a key deliverable from the H2020 PROMISCES project. This toolbox is a demonstrator that includes a collection of models developed in the PROMISCES project which are designed to assess the fate and transport of persistent, mobile, and toxic substances (PMTs) across various scales (local, regional) and conditions (e.g., urban run-off, bank filtration, unsaturated zone, groundwater).
This toolbox presents the basic information with links to the software and model input files with which the models can be run. This deliverable is intended for qualified modellers. It is complementary with the Guidance document, deliverable D2.4 (Zessner et al., 2025) which describes how to apply modelling tools in a tiered way as part of predictive risk assessment.

The scope of this document, produced as part of the H2020 PROMISCES project, is to provide guidance for applications of models with a specific focus on model trains for the assessment of exposure to PMTs as part of the predictive risk assessment related to surface and groundwater. This document explains the basic concepts of specific models and how best to use them in model
trains in the framework of a tiered approach. The intention is to inform users and interested stakeholders about what needs to be considered when using different methods, what is the best use of specific models, what are the best combinations in model trains and what are their current limitations.

This report presents the findings from task 2.1 of the SafeCREW project, which aimed to monitor seasonal microbial quality changes in source waters of near-natural treatment systems, such as managed aquifer recharge (MAR). Two case study locations, Hamburg and Berlin, were examined to understand microbial dynamics over time. Microbial cell counts in source waters were monitored using flow cytometry (FCM), which enables the analysis of bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. In addition, organic matter in source waters and during near-natural treatment was analyzed using techniques such as Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD), fluorescence spectroscopy, and absorption measurements. These methods provided detailed insights into the type and quantity of organic substances, which influence microbial growth. Notably, biopolymers—organic substances produced during microbial degradation—were identified as indicators of microbial activity and surface water influence. By combining microbiological and organic analyses, a comprehensive monitoring system can be developed that provides extensive information not only on seasonal changes in microbial quality, but also on the underlying causes and influencing factors. This enables targeted and effective control of water treatment processes and helps to ensure high water quality.

The objective of the report is to identify enabling and hindering factors for the uptake of ICT solutions to water governance, through the analysis of the process of development and the introduction of three digital applications in three different contexts of water management.
This final deliverable builds on a preliminary (deliverable 3.4) for WP3 which was submitted in November 2020. The report applies the structure proposed in the Guiding Protocol (Deliverable 3.1).

This report describes the main functionalities the SMART-Control web-based tool T1B Quantitative microbial risk assessment. The tool helps to quantify the pathogen occurrence in source water and their removal by various treatment steps at MAR facilities by using a probabilistic approach. The interactive web-based QMRA tool supports the evidence-based risk assessment to minimize water-related infectious diseases.

Subsurface travel time from the area of recharge to the point of abstraction during MAR is a critical parameter to ensure sufficient attenuation for hygienic parameters and other undesired substances. A new simulation tool has been developed by the SMART-Control project partners KWB and TUD for determination of groundwater hydraulic residence time (HRT) using seasonal temperature fluctuations observed in recharge water and MAR recovery wells. This tool represents a proxy for quick, costs-effective and reliable control of travel time during aquifer passage. Time series of seasonal temperature measurements observed in surface water and abstraction wells can be fitted to sinusoidal functions. Peak values represented as local maxima and local minima and turning points from the fitted sinusoidal curves are used for the approximation of travel times between surface water and abstraction well. The calculated values are adjusted by a thermal retardation factor. The developed tool is userfriendly and offers the possibility to use existing hystorical temperature measurements as well as online sensor data. Data acquisition is resolved through the internal connectivity with other web-tools developed within the SMART-Control project, providing thus an integrated simulation environment.

This report summarizes the work for monitoring of hydraulic residence time (HRT) carried out at the Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) site Berlin-Spandau waterworks. The newly installed monitoring system consists of realtime online sensor data and evaluation algorithms implemented as a web-based software tool. The combination of online data with processing tools allows time-efficient HRT evaluation. Apart from HRT estimations, the monitoring also included measurements by flow-through cytometry (FCM), meta-genomic DNA sequencing and classical microbial cultivation-based analysis. FCM cell counting allows to quantitatively detect microbial cells after staining with a DNA-binding fluorescent dye. The aim of FCM measurements was to gain insights on microbial dynamics along the flow path from the infiltration basin to the abstraction well. The FCM device was installed to measure in the infiltration basin, groundwater observation well and abstraction well in a continuously flowing sampling line that allowed for automatic and continuous monitoring in water. Microbial indicators of viruses, bacteria and protozoa were sampled and analysed by classical cultivation-based methods in parallel to the FCM measurements. The combination of FCM with cultivation-based methods aimed to establish an indicative reference cell count representing a hygienically safe water. The high-frequency flow cytometry data revealed decreasing order of total cell counts from surface water in the infiltration basin water to groundwater in the abstraction well. The fairly constant measurements in the abstraction well may allow to use FCM fingerprinting as a fast monitoring tool in combination with cultivation based methods. However, long-term measurements of FCM for at least 6 months are recommended to assess seasonal fluctuation in both source water and groundwater. Water samples were in addition characterised by DNA sequencing enabling a complete "meta genomic" analysis and taxonomic profiling including bacterial, archaea, viral, eukaryotic DNA. The DNA sequencing in combination with FCM measurements showed that total cell counts decreased along the flow path while the biodiversity increased.